This review of apical surgery compared with non-surgical root canal treatment or retreatment for teeth with apical periodontitis included 5 studies.None of the included studies were at low risk of bias so the findings should be viewed very cautiously.
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This review of whether ultrasonic irrigation results in less postoperative root canal treatment pain than conventional irrigation included 6 RCTs. The suggests less pain with ultrasonic irrigation for the first 48 hours but no difference at 72 hours.
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This review assessing the postoperative pain after non- surgical endodontic retreatment in a one visit compared to multiple visits included 4 RCTs. The availabe evidence suggests little difference between teh two approaches.
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This review of the factors affecting the development ofsubcutaneous emphysema during root canal therapy included
51 studies describing 65 cases. A majority (48%) were linked to drying tooth canals with pressurised air in three-way syringe
The Cochrane review of of materials for retrograde root filling identified 6 RCTs all at high risk of bias. The trials provide insufficient evidence to draw any conclusion as to the benefits of any one material over another so more high quality studies are needed.
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20 RCTs are included in this Cochrane review update of endodontic retreatment. The available evidence is of low quality so further research is needed to understand the effects of surgical versus non-surgical approaches, and to determine which surgical procedures provide the best results.
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This new review of root canal retreatment indirectly compares the outcomes of two approaches, non-surgical retreatment and microsurgery. Only 4 of the studies were RCTs but these did not involve direct comparison of the two approaches. Pooled success rates suggest better outcomes for the microsurgical approach.
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