This review the prevalence of malocclusions and different orthodontic features in children and adolescents included 123 studies. However the broad range of approaches used in the studies to determine malocclusion and orthodontic features means that the findings need to be interpreted cautiously.
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This Cochrane review update of the effects of different orthodontic treatments for posterior crossbites included 31 RCTS eight of whihc were at low risk of bias. They found that for children iaged 7 to 11 years old), quad-helix and expansion plates were more beneficial than no treatment for correcting posterior crossbites.
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This review of the occurence of maloclusion in children/adolescents with Down syndrome included 11 studies and suggests a higher prevalence of malocclusion.
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This review of the effects of pacifier sucking on orofacial structures identified 17 studies highlighting a lack of high quality evidence. While some effects are suggested these should be viewed cautiously given the quality of the evidence.
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31 observational studies were included in this review of breastfeeding and malocclusion . This findings suggests that it may be protective against posterior crossbite and class II malocclusion. However as teh studies are largely retrospective the findings should be interpreted with caution.
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Treatment of posterior crossbite was rated in the top 10 most important orthodontic reviews by an international panel of oral health professionals as part of a Cochrane Oral Health Group prioritisation exercise. This new update to this Cochrane review found some evidence to suggest that the quad-helix (fixed) appliance may be more successful than removable expansion plates at correcting posterior crossbites. However, it is mainly low to very low quality.
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