This review of the efficacy of probiotics in reducing halitosis of dental origin, when compared to a placebo intervention included 8 RCTs. Only one of the study was considered to be at low risk of bias with the authos assessing the evidence as not suggestive of a convincing benefit for the use of probiotics for treatment outcomes of halitosis.
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This review investigating the efficacy of chlorine dioxide mouthwashes in patients with halitosis included 10 RCTs. The findings suggest a potential benefit in the short-term. However the included studies are hetrogeneous and all have some concerns regarding bias so additional high quality well reported studies are needed.
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44 RCTs were included in this Cochrane review assessing interventions for the prevention and control of halitosis. Only low to very-low cetrainty evidence was identified so conclusions regarding the superiority of any intervention could not be drawn.
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This review to assess the prevalence of halitosis in adults and adolescents included 13 studies providing an estimated prevalence of 31.8% (95%CI; 24.6–39.0%).
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This review identified 12 trials of mouthwashes and toothpastes for oral malodour. Those products with active ingredients reduced oral malodour but the overall quality of the available evidence was weak.
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